石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)一組具有(you)纖維結(jie)構(gou)、可(ke)劈裂呈纖細(xi)而柔韌纖維狀礦物的總稱。它按生成母巖不同而分(fen)(fen)成：蛇(she)紋石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)和角(jiao)閃(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)。蛇(she)紋石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)呈白色、灰白、淺黃、淺綠，絲絹光澤，硬度(du)(du)為(wei)2.0-2.5，密(mi)度(du)(du)為(wei)2.49-2.53克(ke)/厘米(mi)³；軸(zhou)向抗張(zhang)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)為(wei)大于300千(qian)克(ke)/毫(hao)米(mi)²，世(shi)界產(chan)量(liang)(liang)分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)90%；角(jiao)閃(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)藍(lan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)、直閃(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)、透閃(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或陽起石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)和鐵石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)。藍(lan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)淺紫藍(lan)色，密(mi)度(du)(du)為(wei)3.2-3.2克(ke)/厘米(mi)³，軸(zhou)向抗張(zhang)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)為(wei)330千(qian)克(ke)/毫(hao)米(mi)²，耐酸性(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，在水中煮沸(fei)一晝夜，損(sun)失率僅2-3%，吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)性(xing)很強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，具有(you)防(fang)化(hua)學毒物及凈化(hua)原子污染性(xing)能(neng)，產(chan)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)6%；直閃(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)耐酸性(xing)最強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)性(xing)中等，常作高溫耐酸性(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)，產(chan)量(liang)(liang)很少(shao)；透閃(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和陽起石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)耐酸性(xing)很強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)性(xing)弱(ruo)，可(ke)做濾酸制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)，產(chan)量(liang)(liang)極少(shao)，鐵石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)軸(zhou)向抗張(zhang)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)為(wei)300千(qian)克(ke)/毫(hao)米(mi)²，產(chan)量(liang)(liang)占3%。

在(zai)這幾類石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)中，產(chan)量最(zui)大、用途最(zui)廣的(de)是蛇紋石(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)。該(gai)類石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)按產(chan)狀(zhuang)有(you)分為兩類，橫纖維石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)，纖維與脈壁垂直，棉(mian)短，通常只幾毫(hao)米，可(ke)生產(chan)Ⅲ-Ⅵ級石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)產(chan)品(pin)，典型選礦廠(chang)(chang)有(you)：中國金州、茫崖石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)等。縱(zong)纖維石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)，纖維與脈壁平行(xing)，棉(mian)長，最(zui)長2米以上，可(ke)生產(chan)Ⅰ-Ⅱ石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)產(chan)品(pin)，典型選礦廠(chang)(chang)有(you)：中國四川、新康石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)礦選礦廠(chang)(chang)。

石(shi)棉(mian)(mian)礦物由于具有(you)耐熱(re)、保溫(wen)、吸(xi)附、絕(jue)緣、耐堿侵蝕(shi)、可紡紗織布以(yi)及(ji)有(you)較高機械(xie)強(qiang)度等優良性(xing)能。所以(yi)它在(zai)工(gong)農業及(ji)國防(fang)尖端極少等方面有(you)廣泛用(yong)(yong)途。目前，各種(zhong)(zhong)規格的(de)石(shi)棉(mian)(mian)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)三千余種(zhong)(zhong)，八大類別(bie)(bie)。分別(bie)(bie)為：石(shi)棉(mian)(mian)水泥制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、石(shi)棉(mian)(mian)紡織品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、石(shi)棉(mian)(mian)保溫(wen)絕(jue)熱(re)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、石(shi)棉(mian)(mian)密封墊(dian)塞制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、石(shi)棉(mian)(mian)傳動制(zhi)動制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、石(shi)棉(mian)(mian)電工(gong)材料、石(shi)棉(mian)(mian)瀝青制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和石(shi)棉(mian)(mian)的(de)其他用(yong)(yong)途等。

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